The Commissioner of Competition is head of the Competition Bureau and is responsible for administering and enforcing the Competition Act, the Consumer Packaging and Labelling Act, the Textile Labelling Act and the Precious Metals Marking Act.

Mergers Branch reviews merger transactions to assess whether a proposed merger is likely to prevent or substantially lessen competition.

Civil Matters Branch reviews anti-competitive behaviour, such as abuse of dominant position, and restraints imposed by suppliers on customers, such as refusal to supply, exclusive dealing and tied selling. The Branch is also responsible for the Bureau's interventions before federal and provincial regulatory boards and tribunals.

Criminal Matters Branch reviews criminal offences relating to anti-competitive behaviour. These include conspiracies that have an undue impact on competition, bid rigging, price discrimination, predatory pricing and price maintenance.

Fair Business Practices Branch administers and enforces the provisions of the Competition Act that cover misleading representations and deceptive marketing practices. Among these are provisions that deal with deceptive telemarketing, multilevel marketing and pyramid selling, as well as misrepresentations such as general misleading statements, misleading ordinary price claims and promotional contests in which organizers inadequately disclose contest rules. The Branch also administers and enforces the Consumer Packaging and Labelling Act, the Textile Labelling Act and the Precious Metals Marking Act, collectively known as the labelling statutes. The Branch's regional responsibilities are carried out by staff in a network of offices located in the Atlantic Region, Quebec Region, Ontario Region, Prairie Region, Pacific Region and the National Capital Region.

Competition Policy Branch encompasses the International Affairs, Economic Policy and Enforcement, and Legislative Affairs divisions. The Branch advances the Bureau's interests in international cooperation, negotiations and policy development. It provides economic advice and expertise, as well as enforcement support, to the Bureau and ensures that the provisions of the Competition Act and labelling legislation remain relevant through a continuous amendment process.

Compliance and Operations Branch develops the Bureau's compliance program, enforcement policy, training program and client services. It also manages the Bureau's Information Centre, and planning, resource management, administration and informatics activities.

Communications Branch ensures that the Bureau achieves its overall objective of transparency and that all Canadians recognize the pivotal role the Bureau plays in fostering a competitive marketplace.